Rafael Mariano Grossi, Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), recently visited India, engaging with top policymakers. In an exclusive interview with TOI’s Surojit Gupta, Grossi shared insights on critical global nuclear issues, including developments in Iran and Ukraine, while commending India’s strides in nuclear energy.
Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions: A Global Concern
Addressing concerns over Iran’s nuclear program, Grossi emphasized that while Iran does not currently possess nuclear weapons, its uranium enrichment is approaching weapons-grade levels. He noted that Iran has yet to provide satisfactory explanations to the IAEA on several outstanding issues.
“We are being fair but firm,” Grossi stated, underscoring the need for clarity from Tehran. He acknowledged recent diplomatic movements, including discussions between Russia, China, and Iran in Beijing and exchanges involving U.S. leadership. While the situation remains a global concern, he stressed the importance of collaborative efforts to prevent escalation, especially amid rising tensions in the Middle East.
Ukraine’s Fragile Nuclear Landscape
Grossi, who has made multiple visits to Ukraine, described the situation as precarious due to the ongoing conflict. He highlighted the vulnerability of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, which has faced attacks, power blackouts, and other threats.
“Our presence has mitigated risks, but not eliminated them,” he warned, emphasizing the need for dialogue and a ceasefire to prevent a nuclear catastrophe.
India’s Expanding Role in Nuclear Energy
Grossi lauded India’s commitment to nuclear energy as part of its energy transition strategy. He noted that while the country operates 20 advanced reactors, nuclear energy still constitutes a small share of its overall electricity production. However, with ambitious plans to scale up capacity to 100 gigawatts, India is set to play a more significant role domestically and globally.
“I see India not only harnessing nuclear technology for its own needs but also emerging as a key global player in the nuclear market,” Grossi remarked, highlighting the country’s potential as an exporter of nuclear technology.
Private Sector Entry: A Game Changer
Grossi also praised India’s decision to open the small modular reactor (SMR) segment to private sector participation. He described this policy shift as a “huge step in the right direction,” acknowledging the capital-intensive nature of nuclear projects and the need for public-private partnerships.
“This move aligns India with global trends, ensuring a more flexible and sustainable approach to nuclear energy development,” he concluded.
With its technological expertise, policy advancements, and growing ambitions, India is well-positioned to shape the future of nuclear energy, both at home and on the world stage.
